Nearly all people who do not maintain good daily oral hygiene will develop gingivitis at some point. If left untreated, this bacterial gum infection can progress from gingivitis to periodontitis, which results in bone loss around your teeth.
As the bone tissue is lost, the gum tissues detach from the teeth and form little pockets that provide an even better place for bacteria to live ‘ where your brush and floss can’t reach. As periodontal disease advances, bone loss and tooth loss can result. Part of this has to do with genetics, as periodontal disease tends to run in families. The good news is that periodontal disease can be controlled, even at more advanced stages.
Signs and Symptoms of Gum Disease
It’s important to understand that you can have periodontal disease with no obvious symptoms, especially if you smoke. Still, there are some important things to look for:
Bleeding gums
Bad Breath
Redness or swelling of the gums
Receding gums
Sensitivity
Periodontal abscess
Loose teeth
Periodontal Treatment Options
All periodontal therapy starts with the evaluation of your oral hygiene techniques and instructions for improvement, followed by the mechanical removal of plaque and any calcified deposits (tartar or calculus) present on root surfaces. This is accomplished with a cleaning technique known as scaling, root planing or debridement using hand instruments and/or ultrasonic (high frequency vibrational) instruments. Locally applied antimicrobial products or antibiotics might also be recommended during various parts of periodontal treatment to assist in healing and pocket-depth reduction, hopefully eliminating the need for periodontal surgery.
Sometimes surgical procedures may be necessary to remove the deep pockets that form between inflamed gum tissue and teeth. There are many different types of surgery that handle a variety of problems. Often, combinations of procedures are used in order to reduce the number of surgeries as well as the cost of treatment.
Preventive Strategies The best way to prevent periodontal disease is to brush and floss your teeth effectively every day. Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings every 6 months are also an important part of maintaining periodontal health; we can reach into areas that your toothbrush and floss can’t.
How do you prevent Gum Disease?
Regular cleanings and checkups are key to maintaining your oral health and can contribute to your overall health and wellness. The word periodontal means “around the tooth”. Periodontal disease attacks the gums and the bone that support the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. If plaque is not removed, it turns into calculus (tartar). When plaque and calculus are not removed, they begin to destroy the gums and bone. Periodontal disease is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Did you know that four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it? Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages.
Not only is gum disease the number one reason for tooth loss, but research also suggests that there may be a link between periodontal disease and other diseases such as stroke, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk during pregnancy. Researchers are determining if inflammation and bacteria associated with periodontal disease affects these systemic diseases and conditions. Smoking also increases the risk of periodontal disease.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.
Learn More from Dr. Grossi
Dr. Grossi can painlessly remove a fibroma with a cutting edge laser!
Frequently Asked Questions
What can I do to prevent and treat bad breath?
To prevent bad breath, practice good oral hygiene and make lifestyle adjustments:
Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss daily to remove food particles and plaque.
Clean your tongue with a brush or tongue scraper, especially focusing on the back.
Stay hydrated by drinking water frequently to wash away bacteria.
Avoid smoking and using tobacco products and seek help from your dentist to quit.
Use mouthwash or antiseptic rinses to reduce bacteria and freshen breath, but avoid relying on them solely to mask odor.
Additionally, visit your dentist at least twice a year for check-ups and cleanings. If bad breath persists despite good oral care, your dentist may refer you to a physician to explore other underlying health issues.
What causes bad breath, and how can I identify the issue?
Bad breath, or halitosis, can be caused by various factors, with the most common reason being microbial deposits on the tongue, especially at the back. Morning breath is common because saliva production slows during sleep, allowing bacteria to grow. Other causes include:
Certain foods like garlic and onions
Poor oral hygiene
Gum disease
Dental cavities or poorly fitted dental appliances
Dry mouth (Xerostomia), often due to medications or mouth breathing
Smoking or tobacco use
Dehydration, missed meals, or certain diets (such as low-carb)
Underlying medical conditions like diabetes, liver or kidney issues, and chronic sinus infections
Keeping a record of your diet, medications, and any recent illnesses or surgeries can help your dentist identify the cause of bad breath.
What are the stages of gum disease?
Gum disease progresses through several stages:
Gingivitis: The early stage with symptoms such as gums that bleed easily during brushing and inflammation or sensitivity in the gums.
Early Periodontitis: Gums start to pull away from the teeth, bleeding becomes more pronounced, and bad breath may develop. Probe depths may exceed 4mm during an examination.
Moderate Periodontitis: Teeth may appear longer due to gum recession, and x-rays may show bone loss. Probe depths may reach up to 6mm.
Advanced Periodontitis: Teeth become loose or mobile, and constant bad breath and gum sensitivity occur. Probe depths can range between 6mm and 10mm, with severe bone loss.
How can I prevent gum disease?
The best way to prevent gum disease is through proper oral hygiene. Brush and floss at least twice daily to remove plaque buildup, especially at the gum line where gingivitis begins. Flossing is essential for cleaning between teeth, and using a mouth rinse can also help maintain gum health. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also crucial in preventing gum disease progression.
How can I tell if I have Gingivitis or Periodontitis (Gum Disease)?
Four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it! Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages. Unlike tooth decay, which often causes discomfort, it is possible to have periodontal disease without noticeable symptoms. Having regular dental check-ups and periodontal examinations are very important and will help detect if periodontal problems exist.
Periodontal disease begins when plaque, a sticky, colorless, film of bacteria, food debris, and saliva, is left on the teeth and gums. The bacteria produce toxins (acids) that inflame the gums and slowly destroy the bone. Brushing and flossing regularly and properly will ensure that plaque is not left behind to do its damage.
Other than poor oral hygiene, there are several other factors that may increase the risk of developing periodontal disease:
Smoking or chewing tobacco – Tobacco users are more likely than nonusers to form plaque and tartar on their teeth.
Certain tooth or appliance conditions – Bridges that no longer fit properly, crowded teeth, or defective fillings that may trap plaque and bacteria.
Many medications – Steroids, cancer therapy drugs, blood pressure meds, oral contraceptives. Some medications have side affects that reduce saliva, making the mouth dry and plaque easier to adhere to the teeth and gums.
Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and puberty – Can cause changes in hormone levels, causing gum tissue to become more sensitive to bacteria toxins.
Systemic diseases – Diabetes, blood cell disorders, HIV / AIDS, etc.
Genetics may play role – Some patients may be predisposed to a more aggressive type of periodontitis. Patients with a family history of tooth loss should pay particular attention to their gums.
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
Red and puffy gums – Gums should never be red or swollen.
Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss.
Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth.
New spacing between teeth – Caused by bone loss.
Loose teeth – Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers (fibers that support the tooth to the bone).
Pus around the teeth and gums – Sign that there is an infection present.
Receding gums – Loss of gum around a tooth.
Tenderness or Discomfort – Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.
Do you know the signs of gingivitis?
That little bit of blood in your toothpaste every time you spit? That’s not supposed to be there. Gingivitis is the swelling and irritation of the gingiva, which is the upper part of your gum at the base of your teeth, and if it’s not taken care of quickly it can lead to tooth loss, periodontitis, and other gum diseases.
Apart from a bit of blood when you brush, what are the other signs and symptoms of gingivitis?
Puffy, swollen gums
Dark red gums
Tender gums
Bad breath
Receding gumline
Gingivitis begins most often with poor dental health. When the biofilm on teeth isn’t brushed away regularly, it can build up to form plaque, and that plaque is what causes irritation. Then, as the plaque builds, it turns into calculus-otherwise known as tartar-which is much more difficult to remove than plaque and is a breeding ground for bacteria. Only a professional dental cleaning can remove calculus. If that calculus isn’t addressed, it will begin to irritate the gingiva, causing irritation, which then allow the gums to bleed more easily. This bleeding then opens the door to more bacteria getting directly into the gums and the bloodstream, leading to tooth loss, periodontitis and the risk of various other diseases.
What increases the risk of gingivitis?
Poor brushing habits are the most common risk factors for gingivitis, but other conditions can contribute to the risk, including:
Dry mouth
Poor nutrition
Dental restorations that don’t fit well
Conditions that cause a decrease in immunity such as HIV/AIDS, leukemia, or cancer treatments
Smoking or chewing tobacco
Old age
Hormonal changes
Genetics
Viral and fungal infections
Effective, reliable treatments for patients of all ages.
We help you attain and maintain a healthy mouth, which has a direct impact on the health of the rest of your body. No matter what your needs or goals for your smile may be, the Grossi Dental team is here to help. We look forward to meeting you and every member of your family and helping you take your first steps toward better smiles and healthier lives. Total wellness starts with your oral health.
Take some time to learn more about the services we provide, and when you’re ready to schedule an appointment with our dentists, contact our office.
More Family Dentistry Services
Our experienced and caring team is dedicated to serving patients of all ages, from children to seniors, and providing top-notch oral health care for the entire family. We strive to make dental visits easy and stress-free for you and your loved ones. Our family-friendly atmosphere ensures that every member of your household feels comfortable and at ease during their dental appointments.
From routine check-ups and cleanings to preventive treatments like dental sealants and fluoride treatments, we prioritize preventive care to maintain healthy smiles for a lifetime. Should any dental concerns arise, our skilled dentists are equipped to deliver a wide range of services, including restorative treatments, cosmetic, and emergency dentistry.